                         Astronomy Picture of the Day

                         Astronomy Picture of the Day

    Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
 fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
                           professional astronomer.

                                2018 October 23
                                      [2]
              Hyperion: Largest Known Galaxy Proto-Supercluster
  Visualization Credit [3] : ESO [4] , L. Calçada [5]  & Olga Cucciati [6] et
                                    al. [7]

Explanation: How did galaxies form in the early universe? To help find out,
astronomers surveyed [8] a patch of dark night sky with the Very Large
Telescope [9]  array in Chile [10] to find and count galaxies that formed when
our universe was very young. Analysis [11]  of the distribution [12]  of some
distant galaxies (redshifts [13]  near 2.5) found an enormous conglomeration
of galaxies [14] that spanned 300 million light years [15]  and contained
about 5,000 times the mass of our Milky Way Galaxy [16] . Dubbed Hyperion [17]
, it is currently the largest and most massive proto-supercluster yet
discovered [18] in the early universe. A proto-supercluster is a group of
young galaxies that is gravitationally collapsing to create a supercluster
[19] , which itself a group of several galaxy clusters [20] , which itself is
a group of hundreds of galaxies [21] , which itself is a group of billions of
stars [22] . In the featured visualization [23] , massive galaxies are
depicted in white, while regions containing a large amount of smaller galaxies
are shaded blue. Identifying and understanding such large groups of early
galaxies contributes to humanity's understanding of the composition and
evolution [24]  of the universe as a whole.

                  Tomorrow's picture: floating light pillars

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    Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [36] (MTU [37] ) & Jerry Bonnell [38]
                                  (UMCP [39] )
          NASA Official:  Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [40] .
              NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [41]
              A service of: ASD [42]  at NASA [43]  / GSFC [44]
                           & Michigan Tech. U. [45]
----------
Site notes:
  [1] archivepix.html
  [2] image/1810/HyperionGalaxies_ESO_6000.jpg
  [3] https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/copyright/
  [4] https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/
  [5] https://luiscalcada.scienceoffice.org/
  [6] https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Olga_Cucciati
  [7] http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018arXiv180606073C
  [8] https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1833/
  [9] https://www.eso.org/public/usa/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/
  [10] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile
  [11] http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018arXiv180606073C
  [12] https://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1833a/
  [13] ap130408.html
  [14] ap180326.html
  [15]
https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/Numbers/Math/Mathematical_Thinking/
how_long_is_a_light_year.htm
  [16] ap180729.html
  [17] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperion_proto-supercluster
  [18]
https://www.syfy.com/syfywire/
a-gigantic-galactic-city-still-under-construction-seen-clear-across-the-
universe
  [19] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercluster
  [20] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_cluster
  [21] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy
  [22]
https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/how-do-stars-form-and-evolve
  [23] https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso1833a/
  [24] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universe#Composition
  [25] ap181022.html
  [26] archivepix.html
  [27] lib/apsubmit2015.html
  [28] lib/aptree.html
  [29] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
  [30] calendar/allyears.html
  [31] /apod.rss
  [32] lib/edlinks.html
  [33] lib/about_apod.html
  [34] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=181023
  [35] ap181024.html
  [36] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
  [37] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
  [38] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
  [39] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
  [40] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
  [41] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
  [42] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
  [43] https://www.nasa.gov/
  [44] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
  [45] http://www.mtu.edu/
