       APOD: 2018 July 16 - Neutrino Associated with Distant Blazar Jet

                         Astronomy Picture of the Day

    Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
 fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
                           professional astronomer.

                                 2018 July 16
                                      [2]
                 Neutrino Associated with Distant Blazar Jet
        Illustration Credit: DESY [3] , Science Communication Lab [4]

Explanation: With equipment frozen deep into ice beneath Earth's South Pole,
humanity appears to have discovered a neutrino [5] from far across the
universe. If confirmed, this would mark the first clear detection of
cosmologically-distant neutrinos [6]  and the dawn of an observed association
[7]  between energetic neutrinos and cosmic rays [8] created by powerful jets
emanating from blazing quasars (blazars [9] ). Once the Antarctican IceCube
[10]  detector measured an energetic neutrino in 2017 September, many of
humanity's premier observatories sprang into action to try to identify a
counterpart in light [11] . And they did. An erupting counterpart was
pinpointed by high energy observatories including AGILE [12] , Fermi [13] ,
HAWC [14] , H.E.S.S. [15] , INTEGRAL [16] , NuSTAR [17] , Swift [18] , and
VERITAS [19] , which found that gamma-ray blazar TXS 0506+056 [20] was in the
right direction and with gamma-rays [21]  from a flare arriving [22] nearly
coincidental in time with the neutrino. Even though this and other position
and time coincidences [23]  are statistically strong, astronomers will await
other similar neutrino - blazar light associations to be absolutely sure.
Pictured here [24]  is an artist's drawing of a particle jet [25] emanating
from [26]  a black hole at the center of a blazar.

                Tomorrow's picture: dark streaks on mars [27]

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    Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [39] (MTU [40] ) & Jerry Bonnell [41]
                                  (UMCP [42] )
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Site notes:
  [1] archivepix.html
  [2] image/1807/QuasarJetDrawing_DESY_3508.jpg
  [3] http://www.desy.de/
  [4] http://www.scicom-lab.com/
  [5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino
  [6]
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/07/
ghostly-particle-caught-polar-ice-ushers-new-way-look-universe
  [7] http://science.sciencemag.org/content/361/6398/147
  [8] ap071112.html
  [9] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blazar
  [10] https://icecube.wisc.edu/
  [11] https://science.nasa.gov/ems/01_intro
  [12] http://agile.rm.iasf.cnr.it/
  [13] https://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/
  [14] https://www.hawc-observatory.org/
  [15] https://www.mpi-hd.mpg.de/hfm/HESS/
  [16] http://sci.esa.int/integral/
  [17] https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/nustar/main/index.html
  [18] https://swift.gsfc.nasa.gov/
  [19] https://veritas.sao.arizona.edu/
  [20] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TXS_0506_%2B056
  [21] https://science.nasa.gov/ems/12_gammarays
  [22]
https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/
nasa-s-fermi-traces-source-of-cosmic-neutrino-to-monster-black-hole
  [23] http://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2018/07/11/science.aat2890
  [24]
http://www.desy.de/news/news_search/
index_eng.html?openDirectAnchor=1431&two_columns=0
  [25]
http://www.syfy.com/syfywire/
news-monster-black-holes-shoot-out-neutrinos-like-cosmic-bullets
  [26]
https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2018/07/12/
a-cosmic-first-ultra-high-energy-neutrinos-found-from-blazing-galaxies-across-
the-universe/
  [27] ap180717.html
  [28] ap180715.html
  [29] archivepix.html
  [30] lib/apsubmit2015.html
  [31] lib/aptree.html
  [32] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
  [33] calendar/allyears.html
  [34] /apod.rss
  [35] lib/edlinks.html
  [36] lib/about_apod.html
  [37] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=180716
  [38] ap180717.html
  [39] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
  [40] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
  [41] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
  [42] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
  [43] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
  [44] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
  [45] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
  [46] https://www.nasa.gov/
  [47] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
  [48] http://www.mtu.edu/
