         APOD: 2018 July 10 - Noctilucent Clouds over Paris Fireworks

                         Astronomy Picture of the Day

    Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
 fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
                           professional astronomer.

                                 2018 July 10
                   Noctilucent Clouds over Paris Fireworks
    Video Credit & Copyright: Jean-Luc Dauvergne [2] (Ciel et Espace [3] );

Explanation: It's northern noctilucent cloud season -- perhaps a time to
celebrate! Composed of small ice crystals forming only during specific
conditions in the upper atmosphere, noctilucent clouds [4]  may become visible
at sunset during late summer when illuminated by sunlight from below.
Noctilucent clouds [5]  are the highest clouds known [6] and now established
to be polar mesospheric clouds [7]  observed from the ground. Although
observed with NASA's AIM satellite [8]  since 2007, much about noctilucent
clouds [9]  remains unknown and so a topic of active research [10] . The
featured time-lapse video [11]  shows expansive and rippled noctilucent clouds
[12]  wafting over Paris [13] , France [14] , during a post-sunset fireworks
celebration on Bastille Day [15]  in 2009 July. This year, several locations
[16] are already reporting [17]  especially vivid display [18] s of
noctilucent clouds.

                  Tomorrow's picture: exploding star art [19]

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    Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [31] (MTU [32] ) & Jerry Bonnell [33]
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Site notes:
  [1] archivepix.html
  [2] mailto: jl.dauvergne at cieletespace.fr
  [3] http://cieletespace.fr/
  [4] ap090711.html
  [5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noctilucent_cloud
  [6]
https://weather.com/science/weather-explainers/news/
2018-06-28-noctilucent-clouds-earth-highest-clouds-view-northern
  [7] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_mesospheric_clouds
  [8] http://aim.hamptonu.edu/
  [9] http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2003/19feb_nlc/
  [10] http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JASTP.162..116V
  [11] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FB4IzOiaXPs
  [12]
https://www.livescience.com/44815-night-shining-clouds-become-more-common.html
  [13] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YPMOce2VdKQ
  [14] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France
  [15] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bastille_Day
  [16] http://spaceweathergallery.com/nlc_gallery.html
  [17] ap180707.html
  [18] ap140731.html
  [19] ap180711.html
  [20] ap180709.html
  [21] archivepix.html
  [22] lib/apsubmit2015.html
  [23] lib/aptree.html
  [24] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
  [25] calendar/allyears.html
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  [27] lib/edlinks.html
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  [29] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=180710
  [30] ap180711.html
  [31] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
  [32] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
  [33] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
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