       APOD: 2018 February 19 - Galaxy Formation in a Magnetic Universe

                         Astronomy Picture of the Day

    Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
 fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
                           professional astronomer.

                               2018 February 19
                   Galaxy Formation in a Magnetic Universe
 Video Credit: IllustrisTNG Project [2] ; Visualization: Mark Vogelsberger [3]
                              (MIT [4] ) et al.
    Music:  Gymnopedie [5]  3 (Composer: Erik Satie [6] , Musician: Wahneta
                                Meixsell [7] )

Explanation: How did we get here? We know that we live on a planet orbiting a
star orbiting a galaxy, but how did all of this form? To understand details
better, astrophysicists upgraded the famous Illustris [8] Simulation [9]  into
IllustrisTNG [10]  -- now the most sophisticated computer model of how
galaxies evolved [11]  in our universe. Specifically, this featured video [12]
tracks magnetic fields from the early universe (redshift [13]  5) until today
(redshift [14]  0). Here blue represents relatively weak magnetic fields [15]
, while white depicts strong. These B fields [16] are closely matched with
galaxies [17]  and galaxy cluster [18] s. As the simulation begins, a virtual
camera circles the virtual IllustrisTNG [19]  universe showing a young region
-- 30-million light year [20] s across -- to be quite filamentary. Gravity
causes galaxies to form and merge as the universe expands and evolves. At the
end, the simulated IllustrisTNG universe [21] is a good statistical match [22]
 to our present real universe, although some interesting differences arise --
for example a discrepancy [23]  involving the power in radio [24]  waves
emitted [25] by rapidly moving charged particles.

Open Science: Browse 1,600+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library [26]

                      Tomorrow's picture: sun bite [27]

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    Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [39] (MTU [40] ) & Jerry Bonnell [41]
                                  (UMCP [42] )
          NASA Official:  Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [43] .
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              A service of: ASD [45]  at NASA [46]  / GSFC [47]
                           & Michigan Tech. U. [48]
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Site notes:
  [1] archivepix.html
  [2] http://www.tng-project.org/people/
  [3] http://web.mit.edu/physics/people/faculty/vogelsberger_mark.html
  [4] http://web.mit.edu/physics/index.html
  [5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnop%C3%A9dies
  [6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik_Satie
  [7] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6RevYn8Mhkw
  [8] http://www.illustris-project.org/
  [9] ap140512.html
  [10] http://www.tng-project.org/
  [11] https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/what-are-galaxies
  [12] http://www.tng-project.org/media/
  [13] ap130408.html
  [14] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redshift
  [15]
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/
magnetic-forces-and-magnetic-fields/magnetic-field-current-carrying-wire/a/
what-are-magnetic-fields
  [16] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field
  [17] ap171226.html
  [18] ap100502.html
  [19] http://www.tng-project.org/about/
  [20] https://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/question19.html
  [21] http://www.tng-project.org/explore/3d/
  [22] http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?arXiv:1707.03396
  [23]
http://top10dogpictures.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/
Hilariously-Surprised-Dogs.jpg
  [24] https://science.nasa.gov/ems/05_radiowaves
  [25] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchrotron_radiation
  [26] http://ascl.net/code/all
  [27] ap180220.html
  [28] ap180218.html
  [29] archivepix.html
  [30] lib/apsubmit2015.html
  [31] lib/aptree.html
  [32] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
  [33] calendar/allyears.html
  [34] /apod.rss
  [35] lib/edlinks.html
  [36] lib/about_apod.html
  [37] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=180219
  [38] ap180220.html
  [39] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
  [40] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
  [41] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
  [42] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
  [43] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
  [44] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
  [45] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
  [46] https://www.nasa.gov/
  [47] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
  [48] http://www.mtu.edu/
